|
新華中學侯玲
近幾年的全國中考英語試題中的“閱讀理解”題的命題形式呈多樣化趨勢，尤其是任務型閱讀這一新題型的加入使得“閱讀理解”題的難度有所增加，本市從去年正式把任務型閱讀引入到中考試卷中。
一、任務型閱讀的形式
1.判斷正誤型
這類題型考查學生的分析、理解、應用、歸納和判斷能力，根據文章內容對所給題幹判斷正誤。這類題型的題干與原文差別很小，如不細心或理解稍有偏頗就會判斷錯誤。
2.回答問題型
此類題型是對文章的理解能力和對語言的組織能力的考查。要求學生通過對文章的理解，用簡潔的語言，用自己所擁有的英語知識對所提問題進行回答。此類題型是近年來各省市中考題的熱點題型之一，也是學生失分較多的題型之一，要求學生有較紮實的語言基礎和較強的綜合運用英語的能力。
3.閱讀填空型
這種題目要求考生通過閱讀材料，獲取相關信息，以填寫詞語或補全句子的方式完成表格或圖表，這種題目中所填的詞或詞組往往具有很高的概括性和準確性，因此，考生必須認真閱讀材料，儘可能地從短文中找到所要填寫的內容，必要時也需進行適當修改。
4.閱讀選擇型
這種選擇題和四選一的題目不同，可以選擇句子或圖片，回答相關的問題，做題時可以從易到難，抓住關鍵詞，逐項排除，最後確定答案。
5.閱讀改寫句子型
這種題目要求在閱讀材料的基礎上，根據命題要求，改寫文中畫線的句子，或將文中的某一個句子譯成英語等。
6.閱讀排序型
可以是給段落排序，也可以是給插圖排序。這種題目要求考生對所讀材料要充分全面理解，在內心能勾畫出話題發生地時間、發展的情節及連貫性，才能準確應答。
7.其他
短文改寫，根據短文完成表格或根據表格完成短文，根據釋義寫出文中出現的單詞，或要求學生閱讀一段文字，並根據文中所提供的信息畫出示意圖，如：路徑、空間位置的設計圖、物體形狀圖等，考查學生運用語言去做事的能力。
二、任務型閱讀的解題步驟
步驟1.明確任務。由於題目要求形式多樣，在同一篇閱讀材料中會要求完成不同的任務，因此解題前要先明確任務，做到心中有數。
步驟2.一一對應，緊扣原文。即在原文中找出問題題幹所包括的信息部分，這樣就可以快速準確地抓住有效信息，確保答題的準確性。如果是根據英文釋義寫單詞的題，則一定要確保所填的單詞來源於原文，切不可脫離原文，隨意發揮。
步驟3.注意讀寫結合。任務型閱讀不僅考查學生閱讀理解層面的能力，更加註重考查學生“寫”的能力。若是寫單詞，則要注意拼寫正確，詞形、詞性有無變化，是否需要大寫；若所要完成的是短語或句子成分，則需謹慎對待，依據所給題幹分析要完成的是什麼句子成分，需用什麼樣的表達方式，不可簡單草率地將文中信息直接挪用。
步驟4.認真檢查。完成任務後要重新審視材料，檢查所做的答案是否複合要求，同時語言要精練準確。
三、任務型閱讀實例分析
2007年天津市中考英語試題：
閱讀下面短文，根據短文內容，按照事件發生的先後順序排序(開始句和結尾句序號已給出)
When Julia Somberg eats her favorite food, she feels bad. She knows that chocolate can have a lot fat and sugar. But Julia says she loves chocolate so much---once she starts eating it, she can’t stop.
Julia isn’t the only one who loves chocolate. It is a favorite food for people all over the world. People prefer chocolate over ice cream, cake, and cookies.
The idea of eating chocolate didn’t begin until the 19th century. Before that, people drank chocolate. The habit began in Central American where the Aztecs drank bowls of chocolate to stay watchful. When the liquid(液體) chocolate was brought to Spain in the 1500s, people thought it was medicine because it had a medicine taste. In fact, the people who made chocolate into drinks were doctors.
Then people discovered that mixing chocolate with sugar made a wonderful drink. King Ferdinand of Spain loved this drink so much that he put out an order: anyone who talked about chocolate outside the court(法庭)would be killed. For about 100 years, chocolate was a secret in Spain.
Finally, people found out about chocolate, and it became a popular drink in Europe. Later, the Swiss mixed milk and chocolate. Today, most Americans prefer milk chocolate, while most Europeans prefer dark chocolate.
New research shows that chocolate is actually good for us.“Chocolate has different kinds of vitamins,” says a researcher in France. “It has more than 300 different chemicals. One chemical works on the part of the brain(大腦) that feels pleasure. People who feel good when they eat chocolate are actually healthier. Feeling pleasure is important for health and can protect against illness.” “Good chocolate doesn’t have much fat or sugar. You can enjoy it if you eat a little at a time!” says Tara Berish, another chocolate lover.
76.______Doctors made chocolate into drinks.
__1__ The Aztecs drank chocolate to stay watchful.
77._______Chocolate was a secret in Spain for 100 years.
78._______Liquid chocolate was brought to Spain from central American.
79._______Sugar was mixed with chocolate to make a sweet drink.
___7___Research has shown that chocolate is good for us.
80.________The Swiss put milk into the chocolate mixture.
分析：這是閱讀排序型，76-80題的五個句子的內容出現在第三段至第五段，76題對應文章第三段的最後一句話“In fact,the people who made chocolate into drinks were doctors.”；77題對應第四段的最後一句話“For about 100 years, chocolate was a secret in Spain.”；78題對應第三段的第三、四句話“The habit began in Central American where the Aztecs drank bowls of chocolate to stay watchful. When the liquid(液體)chocolate was brought to Spain in the 1500s,”；79題對應第四段的第一句話“Then people discovered that mixing chocolate with sugar made a wonderful drink”；80題對應第五段的第二句話“Later, the Swiss mixed milk and chocolate.”找出這五道題在原文中的對應語句就可以順利地排列出正常語序。
答案：76～80
3，1，5，2，4，7，6(包含已給出的1和7的答案序號)
|
