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"津雲"客戶端 |
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從2005年開始,研究生入學考試英語試題增加了A節應用文寫作部分。其要求考生根據所給情景寫出100字左右的應用性短文,總分10分,文體包括私人或公務信函、備忘錄、便條、報告、摘要等。
一、評分標准應用文寫作要求考生能夠根據寫作目的和特定讀者,恰當選用語域,合理組織文章,使內容連貫、統一,並做到語法正確,用詞恰當。評分側重點在於信息點的覆蓋和語言的准確性,其具體評分標准為:
第五檔(9?10)分:很好地完成了試題規定的任務。包含所有內容要點;使用豐富的語法結構和詞匯;語言自然流暢,語法錯誤極少;有效地使用多種銜接手法;格式與語域恰當貼切。
第四檔(7?8)分:較好地完成了試題規定的任務。包含所有內容要點,允許漏掉一兩個要點;使用較豐富的語法結構和詞匯;語言基本准確,允許有個別錯誤;采用了恰當的銜接手法,層次清晰;格式與語域較恰當。
第三檔(5?6)分:雖漏掉一些內容,但包含多數內容要點;應用的語言和詞匯結構能滿足任務的要求;有一些語法及詞匯錯誤,但不影響理解;采用了簡單的銜接手法,內容連慣;格式與語域基本合理。
第二檔(3?4)分:未能按要求完成試題規定的任務。
第一檔(1?2)分:未完成試題規定的任務。
根據上述的具體評分標准,可以看出小作文仍然采用總體評分法,先根據文章內容和語言確定所屬檔次,然後再具體給分。閱卷專家對各個檔次做出了非常形象生動的總結:五檔『漂漂亮亮』,四檔『整整齊齊』,三檔『馬馬虎虎』,二檔『亂七八糟』,一檔『一塌糊涂』。
除內容和語言外,字數與書寫也會影響得分。字數不夠的,一般酌情扣分,而多出的字數一般不加分。此外,如果作文中直接使用提示語中的原句,則字數不算在內,因此只能使用提示語中的某些關鍵詞。如果書寫太差,影響閱卷老師的理解,也會扣分。
二、真題及分析考研小作文為應用文。從形式上,都要遵從一定的格式;從內容上,要點已經明確給出,只需根據提綱要求展開寫,不用有太多的發揮;從語言上,語句要簡潔,開門見山。
2005年小作文真題:
Directions: Two months ago you got a job as an editor for the magazine Design & Fashion. But now you find that the job is not what you expected. You decide to quit. Write a letter to your boss, Mr. Wang, telling him your decision, stating your reason(s), and making an apology。
Write your letter with no less than 100 words. Don」t sign your own name at the end of the letter; use 『Li Ming』 instead. You don」t need to write the address。
從內容上來看,2005年真題為一封道歉信。信函的書寫一般包括如下幾個部分:
1.稱呼:Dear (Sir or Madam/ Mr. Wang/ Jane)
2.主體
首段開門見山,點明主題:I am writing this letter to inform/tell you that I will be resigning from my present position in your department。
中間段把第一段內容具體化:It has been a great pleasure to work with you in the past two months。(先表示禮貌)But my current position as an editor doesn」t quite suit to my personal interests and career plan. As I majored in finance in college, I really want to work in the business field。
結尾段重申主題,表示感謝:I sincerely hope that you could accept my resignation and apology and thank you very much for all your help in the past months。
3.落款:Li Ming (切記根據要求落款為Li Ming,不要寫自己的名字)
2006年小作文真題:
Directions: You want to contribute to Project Hope by offering financial aid to a child in a remote area. Write a letter to the department concerned, asking them to help find a candidate. You should specify what kind of child you want to help and how you will carry your own plan。
Write your letter with no less than 100 words. Don」t sign your own name at the end of the letter; use 『Li Ming』 instead. You don」t need to write the address。
從2006年小作文來看,內容仍為信函,指示語的第二部分與2005年完全相同。因此在寫作時只需遵循書信寫作的基本格式,在主體部分涵蓋要點即可。2006年的求助信要點如下:
1.求助理由(開門見山):I am writing this letter to ask if you could help me find a child in your area as a beneficiary of Project Hope。
2.具體要求:I hope to offer help to a school-aged girl from a poor family, for I know that girls are often deprived of their rights of schooling due to poverty。
3.如何進行幫助:I will send 1,000 to the girl by mail every term once I can get specific information about her。
2007年小作文真題:
Directions: Write a letter to your university library, making suggestions for improving its service。
Write your letter with no less than 100 words. Don」t sign your own name at the end of the letter; use 『Li Ming』 instead. You don」t need to write the address。
2007年小作文仍舊是信函寫作,從內容上看是一封建議信,寫作思路與05、06年相同。
2008年小作文真題:
Directions: You have just come back from Canada and found a music CD in your luggage that you forgot to return to Bob, your landlord there. Write him a letter to
1) make an apology, and
2) suggest a solution。
Write your letter with no less than 100 words. Don」t sign your own name at the end of the letter; use 『Li Ming』 instead. You don」t need to write the address。
2008小作文與2005年一樣,寫一封道歉信。因此寫作格式與思路相同,只需把主體部分內容進行改變。2008年的道歉信主體部分主要涵蓋兩大要點:
1.道歉:I am awfully sorry that I forgot to return your music CD to you。
2.解釋(為什麼沒有歸還CD,理由有道理即可):When I was packing, I confused your CD with mine and put it in my luggage. Then it was not until I arrived home and unpacked my belongings that I discovered your CD right in my suitcase。
3.提出解決方法:I will post you the CD tomorrow and again I sincerely hope that you could accept my apologies。